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Description
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It is estimated that 13,692 new cases of lip-mouth-pharynx cancers occurred in metropolitan France in 2018, 73% of which were in men. It is estimated that 806 new cases of cancer of the nasal cavity, the ancillary sinuses of the face, and the middle and inner ears occurred in 2018, 68% of which were in men.
There are several types of head and neck cancers. They are generally classified based on the location of the tumor. – Oral cavity: tongue, jaw, floor of the mouth, cheek, palate, lips. – Oropharynx: tonsil, soft palate, base of tongue, vallecula. – Larynx: vocal cords, epiglottis, ventricular bands, subglottis. – Hypopharynx and laryngeal rim: pyriform sinus, posterior pharyngeal wall, retroarytenoid region, mouth of the esophagus. – Facial mass: nose, nasal fossa, facial sinuses, base of the skull, orbit, infratemporal fossa. – Nasopharynx: region located behind the nasal cavities and sinuses of the face. – Salivary glands: parotid, main and accessory salivary glands – Thyroid tumors. – Skin tumors of the face and neck. – Sarcomas and other rare or exceptional tumors. |
Treatments
Three types of treatments are used to treat ENT, head and neck cancers: surgery, radiotherapy, and anticancer drugs (chemotherapy and targeted therapy). These treatments can be used alone or in combination.
SURGERY
Surgery, when it allows complete removal of the tumor, can be the initial treatment for upper aerodigestive tract cancer. In some cases, lymph node dissection is also performed.
RADIOTHERAPY
Radiotherapy can be directed at the tumor, the tumor bed, and/or the lymph nodes in the neck. It is sometimes used to manage certain symptoms caused by the disease, such as pain associated with bone metastases.
ANTICANCER DRUGS: CHEMOTHERAPY AND TARGETED THERAPIES
Several types of anticancer drugs are used to treat head and neck cancers: chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapies. These are collectively referred to as medical treatments.
